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The ''Hollandsche Spectator'' (lit. "Dutch Spectator") was an important Dutch language newspaper (or an early magazine) of the Enlightenment period.〔Willem Frijhoff, Marijke Spies, ''Dutch Culture in a European Perspective: 1800, blueprints for a national community / Joost Kloek and Wijnand Mijnhardt with the collaboration of Eveline Koolhaas-Grosfeld'', Uitgeverij Van Gorcum, 2004, ISBN 90-232-3964-4, (Google Print, p.394 )〕 It was founded by Justus van Effen, who was inspired by the British ''Spectator'' of Joseph Addison and Richard Steele.〔〔〔A.J. Hanou, (Dutch periodicals from 1697 to 1721: in imitation of the English? )〕 Justus van Effen was a government official, author and translator, and had previous experience as a publisher of several French-language magazines (''Le Misanthrope'' (1711-1712) - a widely read journal referred to as "the first moralist periodical on the continent",〔Harold W. Streeter, ''The Eighteenth Century English Novel in French Translation'', Ayer Publishing, 1972, ISBN 0-405-09011-0, (Google Print, p.13-14 )〕〔Joris van Eijnatten, ''Liberty and concord in the United Provinces: religious toleration and the public in the eighteenth-century Netherlands'', BRILL, 2003, 9004128433, (Google Print, p.418-419 )〕 ''Le Bagatelle'' (1718-1719), and ''Le Spectateur Français'' (1725)). The ''Hollandsche Spectator'' was published in Amsterdam by Uytwerf Hermanus. It first appeared weekly, then twice a week.〔 About 360 editions were published between August 20, 1731, and April 8, 1735.〔W.J.B Pienaar, ''English Influences in Dutch Literature and Justus Van Effen as Intermediary'', Cambridge University Press, 1929, ISBN 1-00-128783-5, (Google Print, p.145-146 )〕〔Willem Frijhoff, Marijke Spies, ''Dutch Culture in a European Perspective: 1800, blueprints for a national community / Joost Kloek and Wijnand Mijnhardt with the collaboration of Eveline Koolhaas-Grosfeld'', Uitgeverij Van Gorcum, 2004, ISBN 90-232-3964-4, (Google Print, p.65 )〕 Effen's death in 1735 was soon followed by the closure of the newspaper.〔(Dutch literature ), Cambridge Encyclopedia Vol. 21〕 However, it has inspired dozens of successors.〔 It was one of the most notable papers inspired by ''The Spectator'', in which the spectator, literally "observer", is the mask behind which the author hides his views; often the anonymous authors claimed that he is not a person but a group. The topics of the ''Hollandsche Spectator'' consisted of everything that would interest a coffeehouse audience: politics, religion and morality, fashion, and humor. Socially conservative, written in a pleasing tone and style, it raised important questions, such as the reasons behind the Dutch Republic's waning position on the international scene, and served as literary and moral guide for the emerging Dutch bourgeoisie.〔Martin Fitzpatrick, ''The Enlightenment world'', Routledge, 2004, ISBN 0-415-21575-7, (Print, p.101 )〕 It also opened the market for newspapers and magazines in the Dutch language.〔〔 The publishing of the ''Hollandsche Spectator'' is considered one of the most valuable achievements of the late 18th-century Dutch literature, and an inspiration to much Dutch journalism and literature.〔〔Hanna Barker, Simon Burrows, ''Press, Politics and the Public Sphere in Europe and North America, 1760-1820'', Cambridge University Press, 2002,, (Google Print, p.53 )〕〔〔〔Cornelis W. Schoneveld, ''Sea-changes: studies in three centuries of Anglo-Dutch cultural transmission'', Rodopi, 1996, ISBN 90-420-0077-5, (Google Print, p.84 )〕〔Theo Hermans, ''A Literary History of the Low Countries'', Camden House, 2009, ISBN 1-57113-293-7, (Google Print, p.312 )〕〔Willem Frijhoff, Marijke Spies, ''Dutch Culture in a European Perspective: 1800, blueprints for a national community / Joost Kloek and Wijnand Mijnhardt with the collaboration of Eveline Koolhaas-Grosfeld'', Uitgeverij Van Gorcum, 2004, ISBN 90-232-3964-4,(Google Print, p.150 )〕 ==See also== * Dutch Enlightenment *''De Nederlandsche Spectator'' (1855–1860) *''The Spektator'' (1843–1850) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hollandsche Spectator」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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